What’s So Special About a Special Needs Trust?

Do you have family members with a disability? Epilawg provides a helpful explanation of the unique purpose and advantages of special needs trusts:

A Special Needs Trust is a tool in which a person with a disability is able to retain their assets by placing them into a trust to use the assets to supplement the government benefits the disabled person will receive during their lifetime. At the disabled individual’s death, any assets remaining in the trust must be repaid to the state for those government benefits paid on behalf of the disabled person during their lifetime.

Click here for the entire article.

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Leading Cause of Estate Planning Paralysis is Choosing Guardian

 

Arden Dale of The Wall Street Journal provides suggestions for overcoming the paralysis arising from the anxiety of choosing a guardian for minor children:

Many parents drag their feet for fear of picking the wrong person. Advisers say they often have to help clients get past emotional blocks in order to move forward with their estate plans.

. . . .

So what’s the best way to get parents moving? Some advisers say they start by asking clients to consider the following:

1. It’s just for now.

A guardian isn’t forever, or even for a set period of time. If you decide later that the person you designated isn’t the best choice after all, you can always make a switch. It isn’t hard or expensive to do—the changes can be outlined in a codicil to the will.

It may help to think in terms of the next three years, advisers say. While Grandma and Grandpa may be just the ticket when the kids are four and five, they may not be the best guardians for kids heading into their teenage years.

. . . .

3. Nobody’s perfect.

Husbands and wives often disagree on who’s best-suited to care for their children, so accept the probability that you may have to compromise.

In those situations, Ms. Hanks suggests that each parent go to opposite sides of the room and write down their top five choices. Then they should compare lists and try to find common ground.

Read the rest of the article at the Wall Street Journal.

I encourage, at least in California, the use of a separate document called Nomination of Guardians, which can be easily changed without rewriting the will. Underscoring the termporary nature of the decision also helps get over paralysis.

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Define Yourself and Your Legacy by Your Decisions

 /ponder

Avoiding tough decisions can be hazardous to your future.  Studies show that we regret the failure to act more than any other kind of mistake.  

That means failing to make an estate plan should be even more embarrassing than that time in law school when I showed up exactly one week early for a reception at the Dean’s house. (“Where is everybody?”)

 People avoid regret by getting the important decisions right.  They see decisions as opportunities. Rutgers University put it this way:

“Ultimately, making decisions and taking a stand are ways of forming and establishing an identity. Whenever you make statements about yourself, you define yourself for you and others.”  

Few decisions define people more than determining the legacy they want to leave behind.  True, making important decisions requires effort, but it probably takes less time and energy than most people put into picking a vacation spot or choosing a new cell phone. 

Following are suggestions to help get estate planning done:

  • Remember to Keep Decisions Tentative

Many estate planning decisions can be changed in the future.  An imperfect plan is better than no plan at all.

  • Take One Step at a Time

The question is not “when can I finish” but “when can I start?”

  • Set a Target Date

Even if it means waiting to the last day to pick up the phone, deadlines help to get things done.

  • Get Away For the Weekend

A weekend vacation that combines R&R with time for quiet reflection can be the ideal environment for making estate planning decisions.

amor.

Avoiding decisions lets others determine how you will be remembered.  Instead, define yourself by your decisions.  And decide to start now.

Creative Commons License photo credits: striatic and B Rosen

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Should Children Urge Parents to Do Their Estate Plan This Holiday?

   

 

 

 

 

This is an updated version of last year’s pre-holiday post.

If parents do not have an estate plan should their children ask them to get it done?

Many parents never find time to set things in order.  But children should tread softly here. 

An estate plan where assets are in a living trust and probate is avoided can be a real benefit to the children. If an encouraging word leads to that result, it should be a good thing. 

But in families where finances are not discussed, talking about estate planning can feel even more taboo.  It brings up both the subject of parents’ finances and anticipating the parents’ demise.  Such topics during Thanksgiving dinner can give a bitter after-taste to the pumpkin pie. 

The discussion might be more pleasant if you let those concerned know in advance that you would like to take a few minutes in the evening to discuss estate planning.

Children who want to help their parents do estate planning should avoid other pitfalls. Pressuring a parent to get a bigger share of the pot or to disinherit a sibling are obvious examples of undue influence.  Not so obvious, but also potential evidence is simply driving a parent to an estate planning appointment. 

Paying for parents’ estate planning services is also risky. Well-meaning children who are only trying to benefit everyone, may have their good will turned against them if the payment is used as evidence of undue influence. Children who expect to receive a disproportionately larger share than other siblings should have nothing to do with the document drafting process.

Finally, children should never sit in on their parents’ meeting with the attorney. Since undue influence could result in disinheritance, these are not trivial concerns.

It is best if all children jointly encourage parents’ estate planning.  Alternatively, keeping all children in the loop should help. Let each other know what communications you have had with your parents.

Need more advice on family communication? I found this article helpful.

Despite the risks, communication among families about estate planning is a healthy process, something worth finding time for over the Thanksgiving weekend.  Just not during dinner.

Photo: Elizabeth Billings 2010-2011 (c)

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Is Congress Driving You Crazy?

 

When I was in law school, I interviewed for a job with a Washington DC tax attorney. Congress had just overhauled the tax code, and I asked how the changes had affected his practice. What started as a job interview turned into a 20 minute rant against Congress. The erstwhile sedate tax lawyer spoke with such vehemence that I thought he might have a nervous breakdown right there in the interview.

The attorney later recommended me for the job, which was strange since I had hardly gotten a word in during the interview. He must have felt better after venting.

Now I sympathize. The future of the estate tax has been uncertain for the past ten years, so that sometimes I feel like Congress is driving me crazy too. Of course, it also takes a toll on clients, who want to make plans but can’t, because the current compromise estate tax bill will expire at the end of 2012.

Sacramento Capitol

Philip Moeller in today’s US News and World Report describes this phenomenon as “volatility fatigue.”

‘I think a lot of my investment clients are coming into my office feeling kind of exhausted,’ says financial planner Mark Boddy in Richmond, Va. ‘Every day, there seems to be a 1 or 2 percent gain or decrease in their investment portfolio.’

‘Long-term, what’s been challenging has just been the uncertainty of how their estates will be taxed,’ he says. ‘More than anything, I think people just want some clarity about what those long-term rules are going to be.’

At the end of 2010, Congress approved a two-year makeover of estate taxes. It sharply increased the tax-free amounts that people can either pass on in their wills or give away as gifts —to $5 million for an individual and $10 million for a married couple. In 2013, this exemption would fall to $1 million and the tax rates on larger estate values would increase to 55 percent from today’s 35 percent.

Even before then, some estate attorneys expect Congress to cut these exemptions as part of a deficit-reduction plan. ‘If the [Congressional] supercommittee can get anything done,’ says estate attorney Susan L. King, ‘there’s a chance that they would reduce those deductions, effective the first of next year.’

King, who works near Syracuse, N.Y., and practices in several states, thinks it’s unlikely that Congress would be able to move that quickly, but says some estate advisers are telling clients not to risk losing the exemption. ‘The big [estate] practices are using it as a push and urging clients to do their gifting now,’ she says. ‘It is giving those in the wealthy bracket a little bit of an impetus to say, “Well, maybe we should do it this year.”’

Read the rest of the article at US News and World Report.

Creative Commons License photo credit: Franco Folini

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What is Your Portability IQ?

 

Portability, a new concept introduced by the December 2010 amendment to the Estate Tax, is a topic that we all need to learn more about.

Jamie Held provided this summary of portability:

In general, portability allows a surviving spouse to use a deceased spouse’s unused exemption amount in addition to his/her own $5 million exclusion for taxable transfers made during life or at death.  Consequently, a couple may ultimately transfer a combined $10 million before being subject to federal estate or gift taxes.

. . . .

In order for a surviving spouse to preserve the ability to use the deceased spouse’s unused exemption amount, an election must be made. The election is made on a timely filed federal estate tax return (Form 706, United States Estate (and Generation-Skipping Transfer) Tax Return).

. . . .

Be aware that the first tax returns electing portability are due this quarter.  This applies to the surviving spouse of a decedent dying in early 2011 who wishes to preserve the deceased spouse’s unused exemption.

The entire post is available at Epilawg.

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The Demise of Asset Protection Trusts: An Update

 

Last month, a Bankruptcy Court in Alaska entered a ruling against one Tom Mortensen that seemingly eviscerates asset protection trusts.

The Trust Advisor Blog has provided a comprehensive update on the fallout from that ruling:

Alaska is one of 13 states that allow assets to be placed in self-settled spendthrift trusts, in which the former owner gives up legal ownership of the property while retaining full access to it.

Under Alaska rules, Mortensen’s trust was well “seasoned” once the state’s four-year statute of limitations was satisfied in early 2009.

“That’s still the case,” says Doug Blattmachr, founder of Alaska Trust — which had nothing to do with the Mortensen trust. “As long as that statute runs out, you’re in pretty good shape.”

However, when Mortensen filed for bankruptcy shortly thereafter, he exposed his trust to the 2005 revisions to the bankruptcy code, which extended the statute of limitations to a full decade in cases where the transfer seems motivated by an attempt to evade looming debts.

Mortensen failed that test and automatically earned what Blattmachr calls a “badge of fraud” by arguing in court that the trust was designed to defeat his creditors — the equivalent of an undocumented foreign national telling the border guards he’s hoping to work under the table.

As a result, the judge naturally thought his trust looked suspicious and applied the 10-year rule, so the credit card companies have a claim on the property.

But it’s not the end of the asset protection world, lawyers with their eye on the ball tell me.

“If there was ever an illustration of how extreme facts contradict the law, this might be it,” says Wisconsin estate planner Bob Keebler.

“The sky is not falling on domestic asset protection trusts,” he says. “This is really not a surprise to anyone.”

See the remainder of the article by Scott Martin at the Trust Advisor Blog.

From the perspective of the bankruptcy court, a critical determination is the intent in transferring assets to the trust, that is whether the intent was to defraud creditors.

For the record, California, where I practice, is not one of the 13 states that allow assets to be placed in self-settled spend thrift trusts.

From Tom Mortensen we can learn the importance of good legal advice when confronting unusual circumstances.

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